Saturday, April 24, 2010

Derivatives Dividing Democrats

The Wall Street Journal - WASHINGTON—Ahead of a pivotal vote Monday on financial regulation, divisions are emerging among Senate Democrats over how best to strengthen oversight of the market for the exotic financial instruments known as derivatives.

All 59 members of the Democratic caucus are still expected to stand together Monday on whether to begin action on legislation overhauling regulation of the financial system. But the differences underscore the complexity of the coming debate, and will have to be resolved later this spring.

At issue is whether the derivatives oversight bill written by Senate Agriculture Chairman Blanche Lincoln (D., Ark.) will be folded into the broader regulatory overhaul. The Lincoln measure would beef up oversight and increase transparency of the market, and includes a proposal that could push Wall Street banks to spin off their derivatives trading operations.

"I want to make sure that without a doubt...I have a privileged ability to be able to be a part of this bill," Sen. Lincoln said in a statement forwarded Friday by her office.

Sen. Chris Dodd (D., Conn.), who is leading the broader overhaul effort, has pushed a competing proposal that would increase oversight but not push banks to spin off derivative operations. He's opened negotiations with Sen. Lincoln.

Arizona signs tough new immigration law

The New York TImes - PHOENIX — Gov. Jan Brewer of Arizona signed the nation’s toughest bill on illegal immigration into law on Friday. Its aim is to identify, prosecute and deport illegal immigrants.

The move unleashed immediate protests and reignited the divisive battle over immigration reform nationally.
Even before she signed the bill at an afternoon news conference here, President Obama strongly criticized it.
Speaking at a naturalization ceremony for 24 active-duty service members in the Rose Garden, he called for a federal overhaul of immigration laws, which Congressional leaders signaled they were preparing to take up soon, to avoid “irresponsibility by others.”

The Arizona law, he added, threatened “to undermine basic notions of fairness that we cherish as Americans, as well as the trust between police and our communities that is so crucial to keeping us safe.”

The law, which proponents and critics alike said was the broadest and strictest immigration measure in generations, would make the failure to carry immigration documents a crime and give the police broad power to detain anyone suspected of being in the country illegally. Opponents have called it an open invitation for harassment and discrimination against Hispanics regardless of their citizenship status.

Monday, April 19, 2010

Work Force Fueled By High Skilled Immigrants

ST. LOUIS — After a career as a corporate executive with her name in brass on the office door, Amparo Kollman-Moore, an immigrant from Colombia, likes to drive a Jaguar and shop at Saks. “It was a good life,” she said, “a really good ride.”

As a member of this city’s economic elite, Ms. Kollman-Moore is not unusual among immigrants who live in St. Louis. According to a new analysis of census data, more than half of the working immigrants in this metropolitan area hold higher-paying white-collar jobs — as professionals, technicians or administrators — rather than lower-paying blue-collar and service jobs.

Among American cities, St. Louis is not an exception, the data show. In 14 of the 25 largest metropolitan areas, including Boston, New York and San Francisco, more immigrants are employed in white-collar occupations than in lower-wage work like construction, manufacturing or cleaning.

The data belie a common perception in the nation’s hard-fought debate over immigration — articulated by lawmakers, pundits and advocates on all sides of the issue — that the surge in immigration in the last two decades has overwhelmed the United States with low-wage foreign laborers.

Over all, the analysis showed, the 25 million immigrants who live in the country’s largest metropolitan areas (about two-thirds of all immigrants in the country) are nearly evenly distributed across the job and income spectrum.
 http://www.nytimes.com/2010/04/16/us/16skilled.html
ST. LOUIS — After a career as a corporate executive with her name in brass on the office door, Amparo Kollman-Moore, an immigrant from Colombia, likes to drive a Jaguar and shop at Saks. “It was a good life,” she said, “a really good ride.”

As a member of this city’s economic elite, Ms. Kollman-Moore is not unusual among immigrants who live in St. Louis. According to a new analysis of census data, more than half of the working immigrants in this metropolitan area hold higher-paying white-collar jobs — as professionals, technicians or administrators — rather than lower-paying blue-collar and service jobs.

Among American cities, St. Louis is not an exception, the data show. In 14 of the 25 largest metropolitan areas, including Boston, New York and San Francisco, more immigrants are employed in white-collar occupations than in lower-wage work like construction, manufacturing or cleaning.

The data belie a common perception in the nation’s hard-fought debate over immigration — articulated by lawmakers, pundits and advocates on all sides of the issue — that the surge in immigration in the last two decades has overwhelmed the United States with low-wage foreign laborers.

Over all, the analysis showed, the 25 million immigrants who live in the country’s largest metropolitan areas (about two-thirds of all immigrants in the country) are nearly evenly distributed across the job and income spectrum.

Tuesday, April 13, 2010

Lehman Hid Risks by Channeling Billions of Dollars Through Alter Ego

Lehman Brothers’ headquarters in Midtown Manhattan in 2008. It is now the offices of Barclays Capital.

The New York Times - It was like a hidden passage on Wall Street, a secret channel that enabled billions of dollars to flow through Lehman Brothers.

In the years before its collapse, Lehman used a small company — its “alter ego,” in the words of a former Lehman trader — to shift investments off its books.

The firm, called Hudson Castle, played a crucial, behind-the-scenes role at Lehman, according to an internal Lehman document and interviews with former employees. The relationship raises new questions about the extent to which Lehman obscured its financial condition before it plunged into bankruptcy.

While Hudson Castle appeared to be an independent business, it was deeply entwined with Lehman. For years, its board was controlled by Lehman, which owned a quarter of the firm. It was also stocked with former Lehman employees.

None of this was disclosed by Lehman, however.
Entities like Hudson Castle are part of a vast financial system that operates in the shadows of Wall Street, largely beyond the reach of banking regulators. These entities enable banks to exchange investments for cash to finance their operations and, at times, make their finances look stronger than they are.

Critics say that such deals helped Lehman and other banks temporarily transfer their exposure to the risky investments tied to subprime mortgages and commercial real estate. Even now, a year and a half after Lehman’s collapse, major banks still undertake such transactions with businesses whose names, like Hudson Castle’s, are rarely mentioned outside of footnotes in financial statements, if at all.

Sunday, April 11, 2010

Greek Debt Fears

European Nations Offer $40 Billion to Help Greece

The New York Times - BRUSSELS — European leaders sought Sunday to quash any doubts about their resolve to help Greece, offering the country a one-year aid package of up to €30 billion at a much lower interest rate than investors have been demanding.

The plan, under which countries in the euro zone would lend Greece money at 5 percent interest — compared with as much as 7.5 percent the government paid on the bond markets last week — brought the currency union significantly closer to what would be the first rescue of a member in its history.

At the same time, the size of the financial commitment, the equivalent of $40.5 billion, which was above market expectations, could at least postpone the need for aid by reassuring investors and helping Greece refinance debt that comes due by the end of May.

Interest Rates Have No Where to Go But Up


The New York Times - Even as prospects for the American economy brighten, consumers are about to face a new financial burden: a sustained period of rising interest rates.That, economists say, is the inevitable outcome of the nation’s ballooning debt and the renewed prospect of inflation as the economy recovers from the depths of the recent recession.

The shift is sure to come as a shock to consumers whose spending habits were shaped by a historic 30-year decline in the cost of borrowing.

“Americans have assumed the roller coaster goes one way,” said Bill Gross, whose investment firm, Pimco, has taken part in a broad sell-off of government debt, which has pushed up interest rates. “It’s been a great thrill as rates descended, but now we face an extended climb.”

The impact of higher rates is likely to be felt first in the housing market, which has only recently begun to rebound from a deep slump. The rate for a 30-year fixed rate mortgage has risen half a point since December, hitting 5.31 last week, the highest level since last summer.

Along with the sell-off in bonds, the Federal Reserve has halted its emergency $1.25 trillion program to buy mortgage debt, placing even more upward pressure on rates.

“Mortgage rates are unlikely to go lower than they are now, and if they go higher, we’re likely to see a reversal of the gains in the housing market,” said Christopher J. Mayer, a professor of finance and economics at Columbia Business School. “It’s a really big risk.”

Each increase of 1 percentage point in rates adds as much as 19 percent to the total cost of a home, according to Mr. Mayer.

The Mortgage Bankers Association expects the rise to continue, with the 30-year mortgage rate going to 5.5 percent by late summer and as high as 6 percent by the end of the year.

Another area in which higher rates are likely to affect consumers is credit card use.

And last week, the Federal Reserve reported that the average interest rate on credit cards reached 14.26 percent in February, the highest since 2001. That is up from 12.03 percent when rates bottomed in the fourth quarter of 2008 — a jump that amounts to about $200 a year in additional interest payments for the typical American household.

With losses from credit card defaults rising and with capital to back credit cards harder to come by, issuers are likely to increase rates to 16 or 17 percent by the fall, according to Dennis Moroney, a research director at the TowerGroup, a financial research company.

Bernanke Says U.S. Should Tackle Debt

Federal Reserve Chairman Ben Bernanke said Wednesday that huge U.S. budget deficits threaten the nation's long-term economic health and should be addressed soon. Obama administration officials have argued that the economy, while improving, is still too weak to bear all the new taxes and spending cuts that would come with an aggressive deficit-reduction campaign. In remarks to the Dallas Chamber of Commerce Wednesday, Mr. Bernanke agreed, but said merely articulating a plan for reducing the deficit in the long run would help the economy now."The economist John Maynard Keynes said that in the long run, we are all dead. If he were around today he might say that, in the long run, we are all on Social Security and Medicare," Mr. Bernanke said.
Cutting the deficit ultimately will mean choosing between cutting those entitlements, raising taxes, or other spending cuts

Greenspan on Capitol Hot Seat

Former Fed chief Alan Greenspan faced some of the toughest questioning yet about his role in the financial crisis at a hearing Wednesday marked by tense exchanges with a longtime foe. Later in the day, members of the congressionally chartered Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission also ripped Citigroup Inc. executives for their role in the subprime meltdown, where Citigroup was a major casualty. The commission is holding three days of hearings on the evolution of the subprime market. Panel members repeatedly questioned why Mr. Greenspan didn't do more to stem the flow of risky subprime loans, pop the resulting real-estate bubble or prevent use of exotic derivatives to expand the market. Commissioner Brooksley Born, a former federal regulator, said the Fed "utterly failed to prevent the financial crisis." She used the word "fail" nine times in a lengthy series of questions.
"Didn't the Federal Reserve System fail to meet its responsibilities, fail to carry [out] its mandates?" she said.
Commission Chairman Phil Angelides added his own criticisms of the Fed's approach to subprime regulation. "My view is…you could have, you should have, and you didn't," he told Mr. Greenspan.

New Ways to Read the Economy

SAN FRANCISCO—When the city's top economist needs a rough prediction of sales tax revenues, he watches the number of subway passengers emerging from the Powell Street Station on Saturdays.
Ted Egan, chief economist in the San Francisco Controller's Office, said he could wait six months for California to release the detailed sales-tax data he needs for city revenue projections. But it's quicker to look at passenger tallies from the station closest to the Union Square shopping district, which generates roughly 10% of the city's sales-tax revenue. The Bay Area Rapid Transit District releases the data within three days, he said: "Why should I have to wait?" Mr. Egan is among a growing number of economists and urban planners who scour for economic clues in unconventional urban data—oddball measures of how people are moving, spending and working.

Consumer Lending Sagged in February

More consumers are keeping up with payments on their credit cards and other loans. But that is coming at a cost: They are cutting back sharply on borrowing as they pare back debt. While that is good for the long-term financial health of households, the development could slow spending and the overall economic recovery.
Consumer borrowing declined at a 5.6% annual rate in February to $2.45 trillion, the Federal Reserve said Wednesday. Consumer borrowing, which includes most loans outside of real estate, had increased 2.1% in January, reflecting how borrowers typically slow payments after running up card balances over the December holidays. Revolving credit, largely credit-card borrowing, declined at a 13.1% annual pace in February. Nonrevolving credit—including loans for cars, boats and education—fell at a 1.6% annual rate that month. Analysts attributed part of the February decline to winter storms that kept consumers at home.

Criminals Prey on The Unemployed

Out of work for six months, Mary Long spent hours each day surfing the Web. She found a job listing this fall for a logistics manager that paid $65,000 a year and fired off her resume.But the company, Advanta Transportation Network LLC, appears to be part of an increasingly common scam that has snared Ms. Long and many others, according to cybercrime experts. As U.S. job seekers grow more desperate, criminals are using the Internet to con participants into so-called mule operations.These operations generally follow a formula, say security experts: Cybercriminals post an ad on a job board. Successful job applicants are "hired" or asked to complete a trial project. Scam operators wire stolen money to the applicant's credit card and applicants are asked to purchase such goods as expensive electronics. The applicant ships the goods, often to Eastern Europe, where scam operators sell them. Applicants end up with neither a job nor a paycheck

U.S. Airways-United Airlines Talks Intensify

Merger talks that came to light last week between UAL Corp.'s United Airlines and US Airways Group Inc. have become "very serious," said one person close to the matter. But they remain sensitive and it is just as likely the discussions will fall apart as result in a done deal, this person noted. Any transaction would be an all-stock merger, with United being the surviving entity, this person said. The share premium to be paid to US Airways shareholders hasn't been settled. Another person familiar with the talks said the two sides haven't yet agreed who would run the combination. A deal would create the No. 2 U.S. airline by traffic after Delta Air Lines Inc. If it comes to fruition, it would be announced within two or three weeks. A third person close to the situation suggested that Glenn Tilton, UAL's chief executive officer, recently restarted the talks, not his counterpart at US Airways, Doug Parker.

Light At The End of The Bailout Tunnel

As momentum grows at companies that looked like zombies just a few months ago to repay taxpayers for lifelines they got during the financial crisis, the projected cost of the bailout is shrinking to just a fraction of previous estimates. Treasury Department officials say the tab is likely to reach $89 billion, which includes the Troubled Asset Relief Program, capital injections into Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, loan guarantees by the Federal Housing Administration and Federal Reserve moves such as buying mortgage-backed securities and propping up the commercial-paper market. Treasury officials are increasingly optimistic that even American International Group Inc. could be on its own within a year, with officials discussing ways to extricate the government from its 80% stake in the insurer, according to people familiar with the situation. AIG is on track to repay its loan to the Fed through asset sales that will raise $51 billion.

Wednesday, April 7, 2010

WSJ Current News April 5-7


 
Massey Has History of Safety Violations

Massey Energy Co.'s Upper Big Branch coal mine has been cited more than 100 times since the start of this year for safety violations including failing to properly control methane levels, according to the U.S. mine-safety agency.The cause of an explosion Monday that killed at least 25 miners at the mine has yet to be determined, but federal mine-safety officials say they suspect something ignited methane gas that had built up in the mine. The buildup of the dangerous gas was delaying rescuers' attempts Tuesday to enter the mine to search for victims.
http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052702304172404575168261419876920.html

Mr. Dimon Goes to Washington
As Congress prepares to push finance regulation to the front burner, plenty of bank executives—stung by Washington's Wall Street bashing—are keeping a low profile.James Dimon, chairman and chief executive of J.P. Morgan Chase & Co., isn't one of them. Buoyed by J.P. Morgan's relative good health, he's spent the past year launching his own campaign to stave off government proposals that would rein in profits, boost consumer protections and impose new fees.
http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052748703416204575145743093039972.html?mod=WSJ_hps_LEFTWhatsNews
Euro-zone Growth Accelerates
LONDON—Euro-zone private-sector output grew at its strongest rate for 31 months in March, fueled by a surge in activity in Germany, final data from financial-information firm Markit showed Wednesday.The currency area's composite output index, a measure of private-sector output based on a monthly survey of about 4,500 companies, rose to 55.9 in March from 53.7 in February—the highest reading since August 2007. It marks the eighth consecutive month that the index has been above the "no change" 50.0 level.
http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052702304505204575169272763486034.html?mod=WSJ_hps_LEFTWhatsNews

U.S. Appeals Court Backs Comcast
A U.S. appeals court ruled Tuesday that the Federal Communications Commission overstepped when it cited cable-giant Comcast Corp. for slowing some Internet traffic on its network, dealing a blow to big Web commerce companies and other proponents of "net neutrality."In a unanimous decision, a three-judge panel of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit said the FCC exceeded its authority when it sanctioned Comcast in 2008 for deliberately preventing some subscribers from using peer-to-peer file-sharing services to download large files.
http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052702303411604575167782845712768.html?mod=WSJ_hps_LEFTWhatsNews

Jury Still Out on Replacing Steel Mill with Casino
BETHLEHEM, Pa.—Five years ago, this former steel town took a gamble on Las Vegas Sands Corp., allowing the company to put a casino on the site of its historic steel mill. Las Vegas Sands promised to build a hotel, shopping mall and events center on a corner of the 126-acre Bethlehem Steel site, which was shuttered in 1995. Anchoring it all would be the casino filled with 5,000 slot machines, where even the ceiling lights, made to look like molten iron rods, would evoke the site's old industrial legacy. But revenue from the slots parlor, which opened last May, has been disappointing. The hotel and events center are both 20% complete, and the planned shopping mall is 70% complete, all stalled because of the economic downturn.
 http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052702303411604575168181715632168.html?mod=WSJ_hps_LEFTWhatsNews

Greek Bonds Remain Under Pressure
LONDON—The cost of insuring Greek sovereign debt remained elevated after rising dramatically Tuesday, as worries about the lack of resolution of the Greek debt crisis continued to weigh on financial markets.
The euro was also under pressure, trading at $1.3378 against the dollar,reece's five-year sovereign credit default swaps were unchanged in early trading at 3.90 percentage points--nearly 0.50 percentage point wider than last week—according to CMA DataVision, having touched four percentage points at one point Tuesday.The spread between 10-year bonds and the benchmark German bund was 3.868 percentage points, tighter than Tuesday's widest levels, but wider than a spread of 3.789 percentage points at 1500 GMT Tuesday.
http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052702304505204575169330537185858.html?mod=WSJ_hps_MIDDLEThirdNews

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